Records of YMCA work with American Indians

The first Indian YMCA was organized on April 27, 1879, near Flandreau, South Dakota. Following the 1862 war between the Dakota people and white settlers in Minnesota, the government had executed 38 Dakota men, and many more languished in military prison. Volunteers from the Young Men's Christian Association visited many of the imprisoned tribesmen, bringing clothing and bedding, in addition to teaching English language lessons and Christianity. The Dakota men were so impressed with work of these volunteers and the mission of the YMCA, that upon their release in 1879, some of them, including Chief Little Crow's son, Thomas Wakeman, started the Koskada Okadiciye, or Young Men's Association, based loosely on the model of the YMCA.

The Association operated independently and unknown to the broader YMCA movement until 1885, when H. F. Williams, the YMCA state secretary for Minnesota attended an annual convention of missionaries at the Sisseton Agency in South Dakota. Ten associations with 159 members were formally recognized and received into the state YMCA organization of Minnesota and Dakota by the end of that year. Student associations were also established at the Indian schools at Santee Agency, Nebraska and Carlisle, Pennsylvania. By 1894 there were twenty-five Native American associations with 698 members, and the International Committee was asked to provide a secretary to coordinate the work. Dr. Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), a member of the Santee Sioux, formerly with the Indian Health Service during the Wounded Knee Massacre, was selected by the national YMCA to fill this role while his successor was trained at the YMCA Training School (Springfield College). By the time Eastman resigned in 1898, the number of Indian associations had grown to near forty. Eastman's successor, Arthur (Walking Horse) Tibbetts, fostered continued growth of the YMCA movement among the Native American community over the following decade.

In 1970 the Sioux YMCAs voted to become a family association and in 1971 a summer residential camp, YMCA Camp Leslie Marrowbone was started. The YMCA was incorporated in 1972 as the Sioux Young Men's Christian Assoication, became a member of the National Council of YMCAs in 1977 and assumed full responsibility for fund-raising in 1983.

Information taken from "Sioux YMCA: About Us" (http://www.siouxymca.org/index-1.html; accessed 29 April 2015); C. Howard Hopkins History of the YMCA in North America, (New York: Association Press, 1951); and from the collection.